DC-DC converters are essential electronic circuits that play a critical role in modern power management systems. Their primary function is to convert the voltage of a direct current (DC) source from one level to another, ensuring stable and efficient power delivery to various electronic devices and systems. In applications where input voltage levels can fluctuate due to factors such as battery discharging over time or changes in load conditions, DC-DC converters maintain a constant output voltage, providing reliable power to the system's components. One significant advantage of DC-DC converters is their superior power conversion efficiency.
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Efficiency of DC-DC converters
The electric power P [W] is the product between voltage U [V] and electrical current I [A].
If, for example, the input voltage Uin = 120 V and the maximum current Iin = 5 A, this will give a input power of:
Since the electrical power is conserved (Pout = Pin) and we assume that the DC-DC converter has no losses (100 % efficiency), for an output voltage Uout = 14 V, we can calculate the output current as:
In reality there will be some losses associated with the conversion and the maximum output current will be less than the one calculated for 100 % efficiency.
The efficiency of the DC-DC converter is calculated as:
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